Genetic Science Learning Center
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/
Open the link and view each of the sections under "Cloning in Focus". For each section, answer the question.
What is Cloning?
1. Who is Dolly?
Dolly is a sheep that was cloned. She was the first mammal to be cloned, and ended up dying a premature death.
2. When a zygote divides into to separate cells, it is called?
Embryo
3. Somatic cells are also called:
Germ cells
4. In order to clone a gene, a gene is inserted into a:
It is inserted into a cloning vector
5. In order to create an embryo from a somatic cell, the donor egg cell must have its nucleus removed.
Click and Clone
6. List all the materials needed to clone a mouse.
Mouse to be cloned
Egg Donor Mouse
Surrogate Mother Mouse
Microscope
Petri Dishes
Sharp Pipette
Blunt Pipitte
Chemical to Stimulate Cell Division7. Place the following steps in the correct order.
___4_____Stimulate cell division
___6_____Deliver baby
___2_____ Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell
___1_____ Isolate donor cells from egg donor and germ cell donor
___3_____ Transfer the somatic cell nucleus into the egg cell
___5_____ Implant embryo into a surrogate mother
8. There are two time gaps in the process of cloning. What are they? (ie. what do you have toProxy-Connection: keep-alive
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ait for?)
1. You need to wait for the new DNA and egg cells to adjust with each other.
2. When the cells are dividing
9. What color with the cloned mouse be?
The mouse will be brown
What is the name of this mouse?Her name is mini-Mimi
Why Clone?
10. Why is cloning extinct animals problematic?
Sometimes the cloned animal will become smarter. It is also hard to preserve the DNA for that long to actually clone.
11. What are some reasons a person might want to clone a human?
A person might want to clone a human for many reasons. The person may have desirable traits that another person may want to keep alive. People also may want to clone so an infertile couple could have a child or to replace a deceased child.
The Clone Zone
12. What animal was cloned in 1885? Sea Urchins
13. How did Spemann separate the two cells of the embryo of a salamander in 1902?
Spermann separated the two cells of the embryo by tying it with baby hair, and then gradually tightening the pressure until they split.
14. The process of removing a nucleus is called:
Innuculation
15. In 1952, the nucleus of a early tadpole embryo cell was placed into a donor cell. Did it work to clone the animal? Frog
16. Can the nucleus of an adult cell be injected into an egg cell and produce a clone? It can, but it is more successful using younger cells.
17. Why are mammals hard to clone? ______________________________________________
18. What were the names of the first two cloned cows? Fusion and Copy
19. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed? 1995
20. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic) cell?
Dolly (Sheep)
21. What do scientists do to adult cells to make them "behave" like embryos?
Scientists re-boot, or restart the genetic code so they behave like embryos.
22. Transgenic, cloned sheep were used to produce what medical protein?
They produced factor IX, which is the blood clotting gene, to treat people with hemophilia.
23. What is a stem cell? Early embryos are composed of stem cells, which have the potential to become any cell.
Cloning Myths
24. Briefly describe in your own words, why CC the cat was not identical in color to Rainbow, even though she was a clone/
The cats were not identical because of a gene on the X chromosome. The X chromosome has a gene for two colors on it, and Rainbow had the gene "turned off" on the X chromosome, causing her to be a different color.
25. What is "nature vs nurture"?
Nature vs. Nurture is the fact that humans are brought up in an environment that could change their personality and genes. It is a common argument among scientists over which one is more important. For example, identical twins have the same genetic code but look slightly different and can have completely different personalities because of how they were raised.
Is it Cloning or Not?
26. For each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning)
____Not_______Sperm taken from a mole goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop
____Yes_______A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into indivudal cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity.
____Not_______A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother.
____Not_______ In vitro fertilization
____Yes_______ Cell nuclei from an extinct wolly mammoth are placed into enucleated cow cells.
27. Define or describe each of the following processes (you may need to reset the Cloning or Not Screen)
Invitro fertilization: When the embryo is created by the fusion of the male's sperm and the female's egg, and then being inserted back into the female.
Embryo splitting: When an embryo is split into two embryos
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: When the nucleus of one egg is taken out, and another organism's nucleus is inserted to allow it to multiply into embryos.
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer: When eggs from a organism with desirable traits are placed into donor mothers to carry the new organism.
Artificial Insemination: When sperm is used to impregnate a female for selective breeding purposes.
What Are the Risks of Cloning?
28. What is one reason why cloning animals has such a high failure rate?
An egg with a newly transferred nucleus may not begin to divide or develop properly
29. What is a telomere and how does it affect cloned animals?
A telomere is a region of repeated DNA in the end of the chromosome. It is often shorter in cloned animals.
What Are Some Issues in Cloning?
30. Pick one of the questions to ponder and ....ponder it. Write a brief essay on your thoughts and opinions.
"What are some social challenges a cloned child might face?"
A cloned child would face a lot of social challenges. At home, the child would have problems with figuring out who is who in his or her family. If say, she, was a clone of her mother, her mother would be more like her sister, and her grandmother would be more like her mother. Due to looking like her "mother", people could mistake them for each other. The child may have identity issues if they doubt that they really are their own person because of sharing a genetic code with someone else. Also, the child may feel like the parents didn't really want him/her, they wanted another copy of the mother/father.
At school, a cloned child could also face social challenges. He/she may be teased for being a clone, and some children may not understand about the whole cloning process. Other kids might look at the cloned child like he wasn't really a normal child, almost like he/she was an alien. Ridicule also might come from the fact that the child would look just like another family member. If a sibling was cloned, the child (the sibling's clone) may just be looked at as a mini-me. Overall, there would be many social challenges for a cloned child to deal with, maybe more than the child could handle.
